南京大学马克思主义社会理论研究中心
教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地

Slavoj Zizek

Slavoj Zizek



Slavoj Zizek is a professor at the Institute for Sociology, Ljubljana and at t
he European Graduate School EGS who uses popular culture to explain the theory
 of Jacques Lacan and the theory of Jacques Lacan to explain politics and popu
lar culture. He was born in 1949 in Ljubljana, Slovenia where he lives to this
 day but he has lectured at universities around the world. He was analysed by
Jacques Alain Miller, Jacques Lacan's son in law, and is probably the most suc
cessful and prolific post-Lacanian having published over fifty books including
 translations into a dozen languages. He is a leftist and, aside from Lacan he
 was strongly influenced by Marx, Hegel and Schelling. In temperament, he rese
mbles a revolutionist more than a theoretician. He was politically active in S
lovenia during the 80s, a candidate for the presidency of the Republic of Slov
enia in 1990; most of his works are moral and political rather than purely the
oretical. He has considerable energy and charisma and is a spellbinding lectur
er in the tradition of Lacan and Kojeve.

Zizek has cast a very long shadow in what can only be termed "cultural studies
" (though he would despise the characterization). He is an effective purveyor
of Lacanian mischief, and, as a follower of the French "liberator" of Freud, Z
izek's Lacan is almost exclusively transcribed in mesmerizing language games o
r intellectual parables. That he has an encyclopedic grasp of political, philo
sophical, literary, artistic, cinematic, and pop cultural currents — and that
 he has no qualms about throwing all of them into the stockpot of his imaginat
ion — is the prime reason he has dazzled his peers and confounded his critics
 for over ten years.

Primarily the goal appears to be to demolish the coordinates of the liberal he
gemony that permit excess and aberration insofar as it does not threaten the t
rue coordinates. He suggests as well that the true coordinates are much better
 hidden than we realize. The production of cultural difference is to Zizek the
 production of the inoperative dream — a dream that recalls perhaps Orwell's
1984 or even Terry Gilliam's Brazil where a kind of generic pastoralism or a s
exualized nature substitutes for authentic freedom — the flip side of this is
 film noir. Zizek has determined that late-modern capitalism has engendered a
whole range of alternative seductions to keep the eye and brain off of the Rea
l. The Real only exists as a fragment, fast receding on the horizon as fantasy
 and often phantasm intercede. These dreams and nightmares are systemic, struc
tural neuroses, and they are part of the coordinates of the hegemonic. The heg
emony — the prevailing set of coordinates — always seeks to "take over" the
Real, and, therefore, this contaminated Real must be periodically purged.

In his essay "Repeating Lenin" (1997) — ever the trickster, he convened a sym
posium on Lenin in Germany in part to see what the reaction would be — Zizek
sets up a deconstruction of the idea of form to effectively liberate the idea
of radical form:

"One should not confuse this properly dialectical notion of Form with the libe
ral-multiculturalist notion of Form as the neutral framework of the multitude
of 'narratives' -not only literature, but also politics, religion, science, th
ey are all different narratives, stories we are telling ourselves about oursel
ves, and the ultimate goal of ethics is to guarantee the neutral space in whic
h this multitude of narratives can peacefully coexist, in which everyone, from
 ethnic to sexual minorities, will have the right and possibility to tell his
story. The properly dialectical notion of Form signals precisely the impossibi
lty of this liberal notion of Form: Form has nothing to do with 'formalism,' w
ith the idea of a neutral Form. Independent of its contingent particular conte
nt; it rather stands for the traumatic kernel of the Real, for the antagonism,
 which 'colors' the entire field in question.Ö"

He is interested in discerning the Lacanian Real amid the propaganda of system
s. In appropriating "Lenin" he is also looking for the moment when Lenin reali
zed that politics could one day be dissolved for a technocratic and agronomic
utopia, "the [pure] management of things". That Lenin failed is immaterial, si
nce Zizek is extracting the signifier "Lenin" from the historical continuum, w
hich includes that failure — or the onslaught of Stalinism. The version of Le
nin that Zizek often chooses to re-enscribe into radical political discourse i
s ostensibly (by his own admission) the Lenin of the October Revolution, or th
e Lenin that had the epiphany that in order to have a revolution "you have to
have a revolution."

In his critique of contemporary capitalism Zizek finds not simply the conditio
ns that Marx anathematized but those same conditions reified and made nearly i
ntangible:

"A certain excess which was as it were kept under check in previous history, p
erceived as a localizable perversion, as an excess, a deviation, is in capital
ism elevated into the very principle of social life, in the speculative moveme
nt of money begetting more money, of a system which can survive only by consta
ntly revolutionizing its own conditions, that is to say, in which the thing ca
n only survive as its own excess, constantly exceeding its own 'normal' constr
aints […] Marx located the elementary capitalist antagonism in the opposition
 between use- and exchange-value: in capitalism, the potentials of this opposi
tion are fully realized, the domain of exchange-values acquires autonomy, is t
ransformed into the specter of self-propelling speculative capital which needs
 the productive capacities and needs of actual people only as its dispensable
temporal embodiment."

In the era of globalization, then, the main question is: "Does today's virtual
 capitalist not function in a homologous way — his 'net value' is zero, he di
rectly operates just with the surplus, borrowing from the future?"

"In a proper revolutionary breakthrough, the utopian future is neither simply
fully realized, present, nor simply evoked as a distant promise which justifie
d present violence -it is rather as if, in a unique suspension of temporality,
 in the short-circuit between the present and the future, we are — as if by G
race — for a brief time allowed to act AS IF the utopian future is (not yet f
ully here, but) already at hand, just there to be grabbed. Revolution is not e
xperienced as a present hardship we have to endure for the happiness and freed
om of the future generations, but as the present hardship over which this futu
re happiness and freedom already cast their shadow — in it, we already are fr
ee while fighting for freedom, we already are happy while fighting for happine
ss, no matter how difficult the circumstances. Revolution is not a Merleau-Pon
tian wager, an act suspended in the futur anterieur, to be legitimized or dele
gitimized by the long term outcome of the present acts; it is as it were its o
wn ontological proof, an immediate index of its own truth."

Zizek's agenda is to foster and engender a withering critique of the structura
l chains that enslave late-modern man. His nostalgia is for very large gesture
s: the meta-Real, the Universal, and the Formal. "This resistance is the answe
r to the question 'Why Lenin?': it is the signifier 'Lenin' which formalizes t
his content found elsewhere, transforming a series of common notions into a tr
uly subversive theoretical formation."

Zizek was a visiting professor at the Department of Psychoanalysis, Universite
 Paris-VIII in 1982-3 and 1985-6, at the Centre for the Study of Psychoanalysi
s and Art, SUNY Buffalo, 1991-2, at the Department of Comparative Literature,
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 1992, at the Tulane University, New Orle
ans, 1993, at the Cardozo Law School, New York, 1994, at the Columbia Universi
ty, New York, 1995, at the Princeton University (1996), at the New School for
Social Research, New York, 1997, at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 199
8, and at the Georgetown University, Washington, 1999. He is a returning facul
ty member of the European Graduate School. In the last 20 years Zizek has part
icipated in over 350 international philosophical, psychoanalytical and cultura
l-criticism symposiums in USA, France, United Kingdom, Ireland, Germany, Belgi
um, Netherland, Island, Austria, Australia, Switzerland, Norway, Denmark, Swed
en, Finland, Spain, Brasil, Mexico, Israel, Romania, Hungary and Japan. He is
the founder and president of the Society for Theoretical Psychoanalysis, Ljubl
jana.
Books:
 
2004
Iraq: The Borrowed Kettle
New York: Verso.

Conversations with Zizek
Slavoj Zizek and Glyn Daly, London: Polity Press. 
 
2003
Organs Without Bodies: On Deleuze and Consequences
New York, London: Routledge.
 
2002
 Jacques Lacan: Critical Evaluations in Cultural Theory
SZ editor. London: Routledge.

Revolution at the Gates: Selected Writings of Lenin from 1917
New York: Verso.

The Puppet and the Dwarf: The Perverse Core of Christianity
Cambridge: MIT Press.
  
2001
 Repeating Lenin
Zagreb: Arkzin.

Did Somebody Say Totalitarianism? Five Essays in the (Mis)Use of a Notion
London; New York: Verso.

The Fright of Real Tears, Kieslowski and The Future
Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

On Belief
London: Routledge.

Opera's Second Death
with Mladen Dolar, London: Routledge.

Welcome to the Desert of the Real
New York: The Wooster Press.
  
2000
 The Fragile Absolute, Or Why the Christian Legacy is Worth Fighting For
London; New York: Verso.

The Art of the Ridiculous Sublime, On David Lynch's Lost Highway
Walter Chapin Center for the Humanities: University of Washington.

Contingency, Hegemony, Universality: Contemporary Dialogues on the Left
Judith Butler, Ernesto Laclau and SZ. London; New York: Verso.

Enjoy Your Symptom! Jacques Lacan In Hollywood and Out
second expanded edition, New York: Routledge.
  
1999
 NATO As The Left Hand Of God
Zagreb: Arkzin.

The Ticklish Subject: The Absent Centre Of Political Ontology
London; New York: Verso.
  
1998
 Cogito and The Unconscious
SZ editor. Durham: Duke University Press.

The Spectre Is Still Roaming Around!
Zagreb: Arkzin.
  
1997
 The Abyss Of Freedom - Ages Of The World
with F.W.J. von Schelling, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

The Plague Of Fantasies (Wo Es War)
London; New York: Verso.
 
1996
 Gaze And Voice As Love Objects
Renata Salecl and SZ editors. Durham: Duke University Press.

The Indivisible Remainder: An Essay On Schelling And Related Matters
London; New York: Verso.
  
1994
 The Metastases Of Enjoyment: Six Essays On Woman And Causality (Wo Es War)
London; New York: Verso.

Mapping Ideology
SZ editor. London; New York: Verso.
  
1993
 Tarrying With The Negative: Kant, Hegel And The Critique Of Ideology
Durham: Duke University Press.
  
1992
 Enjoy Your Symptom! Jacques Lacan In Hollywood And Out
London; New York: Routledge.

Everything You Always Wanted Yo Know About Lacan (But Were Afraid To Ask Hitch
cock)
SZ editor. London; New York: Verso..
  
1991
 Looking Awry: an Intoroduction to Jacques Lacan through Popular Culture
Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.

For They Know Not What They Do: Enjoyment As A Political Factor
London; New York: Verso.
  
1989
The Sublime Object of Ideology
London; New York: Verso.
  
 Books and articles on SZ:
  
2004 Slavoj Zizek: Live Theory
Rex Butler for lacan.com
Slavoj Zizek: What is a Master-Signifier
Rex Butler for lacan.com
Slavoj Zizek: A Primer
Glyn Daly for lacan.com
Slavoj Zizek: Risking the Impossible
Glyn Daly for lacan.com
Slavoj Zizek: A Little Piece of the Real
Matthew Sharpe, Hants: Ashgate
Slavoj Zizek: An Introduction
excerpts from Ian Parker, The Symptom 5, Winter.
Zizek: Ideology, the Real and the Subject
Glyn Daly, London: Sage, forthcoming.
Slavoj Zizek: A Critical Introduction
Ian Parker, London: Pluto Press.
Slavoj Zizek: Live Theory
Rex Butler, London: Continuum.
  
2003 Zizek: A Critical Introduction
Sarah Kay, London: Polity.
Slavoj Zizek (Routledge Critical Thinkers)
Tony Myers, London: Routledge.
  
2002 I am a fighting atheist: interview with Slavoj Zizek
Doug Henwood, Bad Subjects, 59.
  
2001 Enjoy your Zizek: An excitable Slovenian philosopher
examines the obscene practices of everyday life, including his own
Linguafranca: The Review of Academic Life 7.
Never Mind the Bollocks
G. Mannes Abbott, The Independent, May 3.
The Last Analysis of Slavoj Zizek
Edward O'Neill, Film-Philosophy, 5, June
Psychoanalysis and the Post-Political: An Interview with SZ,/B>
Christopher Hanlon, New Literary History, 32
  
2000 An Interview with Slavoj Zizek
M. Beaumont & M. Jenkins, Historical materialism, 7, pp 181-97.
  
1999 The Zizek Reader (Blackwell Readers)
Elizabeth Wright and Edmund Wright (eds.), New York: Blackwell Publishers.
  
1998 Toward a Notion of Critical Self-Creation
Denise Gigante, New literary History,/i>, 29
  
1991 Lacan in Slovenia: An Interview with Slavoj Zizek & Renata Salecl
P. Dews & P. Osborne, Radical Philosophy 58, pp 25-31. 

 Articles:
  
2004 Christians, Jews and Other Criminals: A Critique of Jean-Claude Milner
lacan.com.
The Iraqi Borrowed Kettle
lacan.com.
Henning Mankell, the Artist of the Parallax View
lacan.com.
The Liberal Waterloo
(Or, finally some good news from Washington)
In These Times, November 5
Will You Laugh for Me, Please
lacan.com.
Will She Ever Die
lacan.com.
On Divine Self-Limitation and Revolutionary Love:
an interview with Joshua Delpech-Ramey
Journal of Philosophy & Scripture, Spring.
A Cup of Decaf Reality
lacan.com.
Jews, Christians and other Monsters
lacanian ink 23, Spring, pp 82-99.
Death's Merciless Love
lacan.com
On Opera
lacan.com
Over the Rainbow
LRB, November 4.
A Plea for Ethical Violence
Umbr(a), 2004
Knee-Deep
LRB, September 9.
Passion in the Era of Decaffeinated Belief
The Symptom, 5, Winter
The Parallax View
New Left Review 25, pp 121-134.
Between Two Deaths
LRB, June 3.
What Rumsfeld Doesn't Know that He Knows about Abu Ghraib
In These Times 05/21.
Passion: Regular or Decaf?
In These Times 02/27.
What Is To Be Done (with Lenin)?
In These Times 01/21.
Iraq's False Promises
Foreign policy January/February.
  
2003 The State of Emergency Called Love
lacanian ink 21, Spring, pp 72-83.
The Iraq War. Love Without Mercy: A Fragment
lacan.com
Today Iraq, Tomorrow... Democracy
In These Times, March 26.
Paranoids Reflections
LRB, 3 April.
Ideology Reloaded
In These Times, 6 June.
Too Much Democracy
Columbia University, 04/14.
The Marx Brother.
How a philosopher from Slovenia became an international star
Rebecca Mead, The New Yorker, May 5.
Bring Me My Philips Mental Jacket
LRB, May 22.
Homo Sacer as the Object of the University Discourse
lacan.com
Heiner Mueller Out of Joint
lacan.com
The Iraqui MacGuffin
lacan.com
Hitchcock's Organs Without Bodies
lacanian ink 22, Fall, pp 124-139.
Not a desire to have him, but to be like him
LRB, 21 August.
Parallax
LRB, 20 November.
  
2002 Homo Sacer in Afghanistan
lacanian ink 20, Spring, pp 100-113.
A Plea for Leninist Intolerance
Critical Inquiry, Winter.
The Real of Sexual Difference
in Barnard, S. & Fink, B., Reading Seminar XX, New York: SUNY>
Revolution Must Strike Twice
LRB, 25 July.
Seize the Day: Lenin's Legacy
LRB, July 25.
Are We in a War? Do We Have an Enemy?
LRB, May 23.
  
2001 Il n'y a pas de rapport religieux
lacanian ink 18, Spring, pp 80-107.
Can Lenin Tell Us about Freedom Today?
lacan.com
Have Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri Rewritten the Communist Manifesto for the
 XXI Century?
Rethinking Marxism, vol. 13, no. 3/4.
The Only Good Neighbour is a Dead Neighbour!
lacanian ink 19, Fall, pp 82-103.
Welcome to the Desert of the Real
lacan.com, September 17.
Self-Deceptions. On Being Tolerant and Smug
Die Gazette, Israel, 08/27.
The One Measure of True Love is "You Can Insult the Other"
Spiked, November 17.
  
2000 Desert of the Real
lacanian ink 16, Spring, pp 64-81.
Why We All Love to Hate Heider
New Left Review 2, March-April, pp 37-45
Postface: Georg Luk醕s as the philosopher of Leninism
in Luk醕s G., A Defence of History and Class Consciousness, London: Verso.
Lacan between Cultural Studies and Cognitivism
Umbr(a), pp 9-32.
Run, Isolde, Run
lacanian ink 17, Fall, pp 78-99.
Ideological Fraud
The National Interest, Washington, Winter.
  
1999 Femininity Between Goodness And Act
lacanian ink 14, Spring, pp 26-40.
You May
LRB, March 18.
Against The Double Blackmail
lacan.com.
@ r k z ! n
Slavoj Zizek's: "The Spectre Is Still Roaming Around"
CTheory: Civil Society, Fanaticism, and Digital Reality
A Conversation with Slavoj Zizek.
NATO, the Left Hand of God
Nettime, June 29.
Surplus-Enjoyment
lacanian ink 15, Fall, pp 98-107.
The Matrix, or, the Two Sides of Perversion
Inside the Matrix: International Symposium, Center for Art and Media, Karlsruh
e, October 28
Attempt to Escape the Logic of Capitalism
LRB, October 28.
When the Party Commits Suicide
New Left Review 238, Nov.-Dec., pp 26-47
Human Rights and its Discontents
Olin Auditorium, Bard College, November 16.
  
1998 The Lesbian Session
lacanian ink 12, Spring, pp 58-69.
For a Leftist Appropriation of the European Legacy
Journal of Political Ideologies, February
The Interpassive Subject
Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris, Traverses
French version
Risk society and its discontents
Historical Materialism 2, pp 143-64.
A Leftist Plea for Eurocentrism
Critical Inquiry, Summer
Psychoanalysis and Post-Marxism: the case of Alain Badiou
The South Atlantic Quaterly, Spring
From "Passionate Attachments" to Dis-identification
Umbr(a), 1998.
Kant And Sade: The Ideal Couple
lacanian ink 13, Fall, pp 12-25.
Hysteria And Cyberspace
Interview with Slavoj Zizek.
  
1997 The Supposed Subject Of Ideology
Critical Quarterly, Summer, pp 39-59.
From Joyce-the-Symptom to the Symptom of Power
lacanian ink 11, Fall, pp 12-25.
The Big Other Doesn't Exist
Journal of European psychoanalysis, Spring-Fall.
Multiculturalism, or The Cultural Logic of Multinational Capitalism
New Left Review 225, Sept.-Oct., pp 28-51.
Desire: Drive = Truth: Knowledge
Umbr(a), pp 147-152.
  
1996 Re-visioning "Lacanian" social criticism: The Law & its obscene double
Journal for the Psychoanalysis of Culture & Society 1.
There Is No Sexual Relationship, Wagner As A Lacanian
New German Critique, Fall, pp 7-35.
  
1995 "Woman is One of the Names-of-the-Father"
lacanian ink 10, Fall, pp 24-39.
Reflections of Media, Politics and Cinema
interview by Geert Lovink, Inter Communication no. 14
The Audiovisual Contract - Noise Surrounding Reality
Deutsche Zeitschrift fur Philosophie, pp 521-533.
  
1994 It Doesn't Hve to Be a Jew
interview by Josefina Ayerza, Lusitania vol.II no.4
Kant As A Theoretician Of Vampirism
lacanian ink 8, Spring, pp 19-34.
  
1993 The Sublime Theorist Of Slovenia
P. Canning in Artforum, March, pp 84-89.
The Inner Civilization Of Human Rights (Slovenia) And The Other Barbarism (The
 Rest Of The Balkans)
Du-Die Zeitschrift der Kultur, pp 26-28.
Hegels Logic As A Theory Of Ideology
lacanian ink 7, Spring, pp 29-48.
From Courtly Love to The Crying Game
New Left Review 202, Nov.-Dec., pp 95-108.
Es Gibt Keinen Staat In Europa
Ljubljana, 1993.
  
1992 Hidden Prohibitions And The Pleasure Principle
Josefina Ayerza in Flash Art, March-April, pp 68-70.
Eastern European Liberalism And Its Borderlines
Oxford Literary Review, pp 25-44.
The Ideological-Practical Core Of The Fundamental Operation In Hegel's Logic O
f Reflection
Filosofski Vestnik-Acta Philosophica, pp 9-25.
Cogito And The Sexual Difference
American Journal of Semiotics, pp 5-32.
Ethnic Dance Macabre
The Guardian, Manchester, August 28
In His Bold Gaze My Ruin Is Writ Large
lacanian ink 6, Fall, pp 25-42.
Kant - The Subject Out Of Joint
Filozofski Vestnik-Acta Philosophica, pp 233-248.
  
1991 Why Does A Letter Always Arrive At Its Destination?
lacanian ink 2, Winter, pp 9-28.
Formal Democracy And Its Discontents
American Imago, pp 181-198.
Grimaces of the Real, or When the Phallus Appears
October 58, Fall, pp 44-68.
  
1990 Eastern Europe Republics Of Gilead
New Left Review 183, Sept - Oct, pp 50-62.
Rossellini: Woman As Symptom Of Man
October, Fall, pp 18-44.
Death And Sublimation: The Final Scene Of City Lights
American Journal of Semiotics, pp 63-72.
The Logic Of The Detective-Novel
Pamietnik Literacki, pp 253-283.
The Detective And The Analyst - The Shift From Detective-Story To Detective-No
vel In The 1920s
Literature and Psychology, pp 27-46.
  
1989 Looking Awry - Pornography
October, Fall, pp 31-55.